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For it was customary on every day when opportunity offered and pre-eminently on
the seventh day, as I have explained above, to pursue the study of wisdom with the ruler
expounding and instructing the people what they should say and do, while they received
edification and betterment in moral principles and conduct. Even now
this practice is retained, and the Jews every seventh day occupy themselves with the
philosophy of their fathers, dedicating that time to the acquiring of knowledge and the
study of the truths of nature. For what are our synagogues throughout the cities but
schools of prudence and courage and temperance and justice and also of piety, holiness and
every virtue by which duties to God and men are discerned and rightly performed?
(Philo, Mos. 2.214216).
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Philo here describes the synagogues as "schools"
of various virtues that met weekly on the sabbath. He thus underscores the sanctity
of the sabbath and the centrality of scripture study within
Jewish practices of the Second Temple period.
Again [Jesus] entered the synagogue, and a man was there who
had a withered hand. They watched him to see whether he would cure him on the sabbath, so
that they might accuse him. And he said to the man who had the withered hand,
"Come forward." Then he said to them, "Is it lawful to do good or to do
harm on the sabbath, to save life or to kill?" But they were silent. He looked around
at them with anger; he was grieved at their hardness of heart and said to the man,
"Stretch out your hand." He stretched it out, and his hand was restored (Mark
3:1-5).
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This is just one of many vignettes from the New Testament where Jesus or one of the
disciples goes to the synagogue on the sabbath for services. |