Hypertension, or high blood pressure, usually has no symptoms, and is known as a “silent killer.” Hypertension increases the workload of the heart and contributes to heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness. More than two-thirds of Americans over the age of 65 have hypertension. Middle-aged Americans face a 90% chance of developing high blood pressure during their lives. African-Americans are especially prone to developing severe hypertension at an early age. Those with a family history of hypertension, or who are overweight and inactive also have a higher than average risk of developing high blood pressure. The cause of hypertension is not really known, however, it can be controlled with lifestyle modifications and medications.

A diagnosis of hypertension is made when several blood pressure readings are elevated. A blood pressure reading over 140/90 is considered hypertension. A blood pressure reading between 120/80 to 139/89 is considered pre-hypertension. Although one number can be normal and one number can be considered hypertensive, the diagnosis is based on the highest number in the reading.

Risk Factors
• Family history
• Over the age of 55 for men and 65 for women
• African-American
• Overweight
• Inactive lifestyle
• Pregnancy
• Excessive salt intake
• More than two alcoholic drinks per day
• Use of birth control pills

Controlling Hypertension - Although age, family history, or ethnic makeup cannot be controlled, other risks factors can be modified to reduce the chance of hypertension.

Know blood pressure numbers and have them checked frequently if they are elevated.

Lose weight if overweight. Even 10 pounds can have a huge positive impact.

Follow a healthy eating plan that emphasizes fresh fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy items. Avoid foods high in fats.

Limit salt intake. Substitute herbs and spices in cooking to add flavor. Read food labels for products high in salt.

Strive to be physically active for 30 minutes most days of the week.

Limit alcoholic drinks to one per day for women and two per day for men.

Take medications exactly as prescribed even if feeling fine or if blood pressure is normal on medications.